The Do’s and Don’ts of Professional References

Professional references provide insight into your work experience, skills, and professional conduct. Preparing a clear and thoughtful reference list demonstrates professionalism and readiness for potential job opportunities.¹ This guide explains how to select, request, and present references effectively.

A professional reference is someone who can speak to your work performance, skills, and professional behavior. References typically include former supervisors, colleagues, or mentors who have directly observed your professional contributions. Employers generally request 2-4 references to confirm your qualifications and better understand your professional history. A well-prepared reference list allows contacts to provide accurate, relevant information when contacted.¹

How to Choose Appropriate References¹

1. Select Individuals Familiar With Your Work

Choose people who can provide detailed insight into your work experience, skills, and professional conduct. Examples may include:

• Former supervisors or managers
• Colleagues who worked closely with you
• Academic advisors or internship mentors, if relevant

Avoid listing family members or friends unless the application specifically requests personal references. Read more on knowing who to use.

2. Ask for Permission

Always ask your contacts before listing them as references. This ensures they are prepared and willing to provide input.

3. Ensure Relevance

Select references who can speak to your qualifications in a way that aligns with the type of role you are pursuing. Tailoring your reference list to the position or industry is recommended.

When preparing your reference list, create a separate document rather than including references directly on your resume. Each entry should include the reference’s full name, current job title and organization, email address and phone number, and a brief description of your professional relationship. Use consistent formatting and ensure that all contact information is current. Before listing someone as a reference, inform them about the types of roles you are pursuing so they can provide relevant information, and follow up with a thank-you note after they have been contacted. Provide your reference list only when explicitly requested by an employer, as holding back references until requested helps protect your contacts’ privacy and ensures their relevance.¹

A professional reference list can be an important component of a job application. Selecting the right contacts, requesting permission, and presenting their information clearly demonstrates professionalism and preparation. Following these best practices can help ensure that your references reflect your qualifications accurately.

¹ Resume.org. (2025, September 5). How to list references on a resume with examples and tips. https://www.resume.org/career-center/how-to-list-references-on-a-resume/ (visited 12/29/2025).

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