CMA vs. CPA: Key Differences Between Accounting Credentials
CMA and CPA are two widely recognized credentials in accounting. They differ in focus, oversight, and common qualification elements.
In many cases, choosing between the CMA and CPA relates to whether someone prefers external reporting and public-facing accounting functions or internal analysis and organizational decision support. Some individuals pursue both credentials over time, depending on academic background and long-term direction within the field.
CPA (Certified Public Accountant)
The CPA credential is commonly associated with public accounting and external-facing services such as auditing, taxation, and financial reporting. Requirements are set at the state level in the US, so the specific details vary by jurisdiction.
Credential Elements and Typical Requirements1
▶ Examination
All candidates must pass the Uniform CPA Examination® (CPA Exam), a four-section, 16-hour assessment. The exam includes three four-hour Core sections and one four-hour Discipline section of the candidate’s choice. The Core sections are Auditing and Attestation (AUD), Financial Accounting and Reporting (FAR), and Taxation and Regulation (REG). The Discipline sections are Business Analysis and Reporting (BAR), Information Systems and Control (ISC), and Tax Compliance and Planning (TCP).
▶ Education
CPA licensure includes education requirements. Because requirements other than the CPA Exam may differ by jurisdiction, candidates should check with their specific Board of Accountancy for details.
▶ Experience
CPA licensure includes experience requirements. Because requirements other than the CPA Exam may differ by jurisdiction, candidates should check with their specific Board of Accountancy for details.
CMA (Certified Management Accountant)
The CMA credential is generally aligned with management accounting and internal financial decision support within organizations. The subject matter often emphasizes planning, performance management, and analytical approaches that support internal stakeholders.
Credential Elements and Typical Requirements2
CMA requirements are set by the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA®),rather than by state licensing boards. Current IMA FAQ information identifies the following requirements to earn CMA certification.
▶ Membership
Candidates must have active membership in IMA.
▶ Education
Candidates must have a bachelor’s degree from an accredited college or university or a related professional certification.
▶ Professional Experience
Candidates must complete two continuous years of professional experience in management accounting or financial management. IMA states that this requirement may be completed before passing the exam or within seven years after passing it.
▶ Examination
Candidates must pass Parts 1 and 2 of the CMA exam.
Next Steps
Ready to build a foundation in accounting? >Explore CTU’s Bachelor of Science in Accounting to learn about coursework in areas such as corporate accounting, taxation, governmental and not-for-profit accounting, and auditing.
1 AICPA & CIMA. “Everything You Need to Know About the CPA Exam.” https://www.aicpa-cima.com/resources/toolkit/cpa-exam
2 IMA. “CMA FAQs.” Institute of Management Accountants. https://www.imanet.org/ima-certifications/cma-certification/faq
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